138 research outputs found
Hierarchical Catalogue Generation for Literature Review: A Benchmark
Multi-document scientific summarization can extract and organize important
information from an abundant collection of papers, arousing widespread
attention recently. However, existing efforts focus on producing lengthy
overviews lacking a clear and logical hierarchy. To alleviate this problem, we
present an atomic and challenging task named Hierarchical Catalogue Generation
for Literature Review (HiCatGLR), which aims to generate a hierarchical
catalogue for a review paper given various references. We carefully construct a
novel English Hierarchical Catalogues of Literature Reviews Dataset (HiCaD)
with 13.8k literature review catalogues and 120k reference papers, where we
benchmark diverse experiments via the end-to-end and pipeline methods. To
accurately assess the model performance, we design evaluation metrics for
similarity to ground truth from semantics and structure. Besides, our extensive
analyses verify the high quality of our dataset and the effectiveness of our
evaluation metrics. Furthermore, we discuss potential directions for this task
to motivate future research
CoRide: Joint Order Dispatching and Fleet Management for Multi-Scale Ride-Hailing Platforms
How to optimally dispatch orders to vehicles and how to tradeoff between
immediate and future returns are fundamental questions for a typical
ride-hailing platform. We model ride-hailing as a large-scale parallel ranking
problem and study the joint decision-making task of order dispatching and fleet
management in online ride-hailing platforms. This task brings unique challenges
in the following four aspects. First, to facilitate a huge number of vehicles
to act and learn efficiently and robustly, we treat each region cell as an
agent and build a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework. Second, to
coordinate the agents from different regions to achieve long-term benefits, we
leverage the geographical hierarchy of the region grids to perform hierarchical
reinforcement learning. Third, to deal with the heterogeneous and variant
action space for joint order dispatching and fleet management, we design the
action as the ranking weight vector to rank and select the specific order or
the fleet management destination in a unified formulation. Fourth, to achieve
the multi-scale ride-hailing platform, we conduct the decision-making process
in a hierarchical way where a multi-head attention mechanism is utilized to
incorporate the impacts of neighbor agents and capture the key agent in each
scale. The whole novel framework is named as CoRide. Extensive experiments
based on multiple cities real-world data as well as analytic synthetic data
demonstrate that CoRide provides superior performance in terms of platform
revenue and user experience in the task of city-wide hybrid order dispatching
and fleet management over strong baselines.Comment: CIKM 201
On-line detection of spherical sensor for inrush current detection
With the exploration and demand for the field of marine, underwater vehicles are used in deep water widely, however, there is a lack of research about underwater vehicles which are applied in shallow wary water. When underwater vehicles working in shallow wary water, they will be affected by the inrush current effect of shallow waters, so the research of underwater vehicles about anti current control becomes a meaningful item. But due to the high cost of underwater work, simulation and analysis to the inrush current online detection mechanism first, to determine the effects of surge phenomenon of underwater vehicles. Electromotor drives propeller to generate the flow, the detection mechanism is subjected to the impact of all directions. For some mechanical analysis of the inrush current online detection mechanism and analyzing the influence on the water inrush current when it moved in this paper, so we can reduce the effects of water inrush current on underwater vehicles in the subsequent experiments
SkillNet-X: A Multilingual Multitask Model with Sparsely Activated Skills
Traditional multitask learning methods basically can only exploit common
knowledge in task- or language-wise, which lose either cross-language or
cross-task knowledge. This paper proposes a general multilingual multitask
model, named SkillNet-X, which enables a single model to tackle many different
tasks from different languages. To this end, we define several
language-specific skills and task-specific skills, each of which corresponds to
a skill module. SkillNet-X sparsely activates parts of the skill modules which
are relevant either to the target task or the target language. Acting as
knowledge transit hubs, skill modules are capable of absorbing task-related
knowledge and language-related knowledge consecutively. Based on Transformer,
we modify the multi-head attention layer and the feed forward network layer to
accommodate skill modules. We evaluate SkillNet-X on eleven natural language
understanding datasets in four languages. Results show that SkillNet-X performs
better than task-specific baselines and two multitask learning baselines (i.e.,
dense joint model and Mixture-of-Experts model). Furthermore, skill
pre-training further improves the performance of SkillNet-X on almost all
datasets. To investigate the generalization of our model, we conduct
experiments on two new tasks and find that SkillNet-X significantly outperforms
baselines
Design and implementation of an automatic nursing assessment system based on CDSS technology
BACKGROUND: Various quantitative and quality assessment tools are currently used in nursing to evaluate a patient's physiological, psychological, and socioeconomic status. The results play important roles in evaluating the efficiency of healthcare, improving the treatment plans, and lowing relevant clinical risks. However, the manual process of the assessment imposes a substantial burden and can lead to errors in digitalization. To fill these gaps, we proposed an automatic nursing assessment system based on clinical decision support system (CDSS). The framework underlying the CDSS included experts, evaluation criteria, and voting roles for selecting electronic assessment sheets over paper ones.METHODS: We developed the framework based on an expert voting flow to choose electronic assessment sheets. The CDSS was constructed based on a nursing process workflow model. A multilayer architecture with independent modules was used. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated by comparing the adverse events' incidence and the average time for regular daily assessment before and after the implementation.RESULTS: After implementation of the system, the adverse nursing events' incidence decreased significantly from 0.43 % to 0.37 % in the first year and further to 0.27 % in the second year (p-value: 0.04). Meanwhile, the median time for regular daily assessments further decreased from 63 s to 51 s.CONCLUSIONS: The automatic assessment system helps to reduce nurses' workload and the incidence of adverse nursing events.</p
WebLab: a data-centric, knowledge-sharing bioinformatic platform
With the rapid progress of biological research, great demands are proposed for integrative knowledge-sharing systems to efficiently support collaboration of biological researchers from various fields. To fulfill such requirements, we have developed a data-centric knowledge-sharing platform WebLab for biologists to fetch, analyze, manipulate and share data under an intuitive web interface. Dedicated space is provided for users to store their input data and analysis results. Users can upload local data or fetch public data from remote databases, and then perform analysis using more than 260 integrated bioinformatic tools. These tools can be further organized as customized analysis workflows to accomplish complex tasks automatically. In addition to conventional biological data, WebLab also provides rich supports for scientific literatures, such as searching against full text of uploaded literatures and exporting citations into various well-known citation managers such as EndNote and BibTex. To facilitate team work among colleagues, WebLab provides a powerful and flexible sharing mechanism, which allows users to share input data, analysis results, scientific literatures and customized workflows to specified users or groups with sophisticated privilege settings. WebLab is publicly available at http://weblab.cbi.pku.edu.cn, with all source code released as Free Software
COVID-19 Epidemic Peer Support and Crisis Intervention Via Social Media
This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.This article describes a peer support project developed and carried out by a group of experienced mental health professionals, organized to offer peer psychological support from overseas to healthcare professionals on the frontline of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. This pandemic extremely challenged the existing health care systems and caused severe mental distress to frontline healthcare workers. The authors describe the infrastructure of the team and a novel model of peer support and crisis intervention that utilized a popular social media application on smartphone. Such a model for intervention that can be used elsewhere in the face of current global pandemic, or future disaster response
Exosomes Derived From miR-133b-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found in injured spinal cords after spinal cord injury (SCI). Previous studies have shown that miR-133b plays an important role in the differentiation of neurons and the outgrowth of neurites. Recently, exosomes have been used as novel biological vehicles to transfer miRNAs locally or systemically, but little is known about the effect of the delivery of exosome-mediated miRNAs on the treatment of SCI. In the present study, we observed that mesenchymal stem cells, the most common cell types known to produce exosomes, could package miR-133b into secreted exosomes. After SCI, tail vein injection of miR-133b exosomes into rats significantly improved the recovery of hindlimb function when compared to control groups. Additionally, treatment with miR-133b exosomes reduced the volume of the lesion, preserved neuronal cells, and promoted the regeneration of axons after SCI. We next observed that the expression of RhoA, a direct target of miR-133b, was decreased in the miR-133b exosome group. Moreover, we showed that miR-133b exosomes activated ERK1/2, STAT3, and CREB, which are signaling pathway proteins involved in the survival of neurons and the regeneration of axons. In summary, these findings demonstrated that systemically injecting miR-133b exosomes preserved neurons, promoted the regeneration of axons, and improved the recovery of hindlimb locomotor function following SCI, suggesting that the transfer of exosome-mediated miRNAs represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of SCI
Modulation of entorhinal cortex–hippocampus connectivity and recognition memory following electroacupuncture on 3×Tg-AD model: Evidence from multimodal MRI and electrophysiological recordings
Memory loss and aberrant neuronal network activity are part of the earliest hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Electroacupuncture (EA) has been recognized as a cognitive stimulation for its effects on memory disorder, but whether different brain regions or neural circuits contribute to memory recovery in AD remains unknown. Here, we found that memory deficit was ameliorated in 3×Tg-AD mice with EA-treatment, as shown by the increased number of exploring and time spent in the novel object. In addition, reduced locomotor activity was observed in 3×Tg-AD mice, but no significant alteration was seen in the EA-treated mice. Based on the functional magnetic resonance imaging, the regional spontaneous activity alterations of 3×Tg-AD were mainly concentrated in the accumbens nucleus, auditory cortex, caudate putamen, entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus, insular cortex, subiculum, temporal cortex, visual cortex, and so on. While EA-treatment prevented the chaos of brain activity in parts of the above regions, such as the auditory cortex, EC, hippocampus, subiculum, and temporal cortex. And then we used the whole-cell voltage-clamp recording to reveal the neurotransmission in the hippocampus, and found that EA-treatment reversed the synaptic spontaneous release. Since the hippocampus receives most of the projections of the EC, the hippocampus-EC circuit is one of the neural circuits related to memory impairment. We further applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tracking and functional connectivity, and found that hypo-connected between the hippocampus and EC with EA-treatment. These data indicate that the hippocampus–EC connectivity is responsible for the recognition memory deficit in the AD mice with EA-treatment, and provide novel insight into potential therapies for memory loss in AD
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